Ethnocentrisim is not a means of culture.

Ethnocentrism" is the tendency to believe that one's own race or ethnic group is the most important and that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. Since within this ideology, individuals will judge other groups in relation to their own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and sub-divisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity.

Redfield's " Style of Life" has been compared with Lionel Thrilling's  Manners.

Redfield suggested that "style of life" captured "what is most fundamental and enduring about the ways of a group persisting in history." Civilization was an outgrowth or "transformation" of the "primitive world." Redfield was intrigued by the possibility, against the expectations of the cultural evolutionist, that "people with very different specific contents of culture may have very similar views of the good life."

With reference to Indian freedom struggle, The Rowlatt Act aroused a wave of popular indignation and led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre,  Subhas Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc and Bhagat Singh was one of the founders of Hindustan Republican Socialist Association. All these statements are true instead of this one which states that  In 1931, the Congress Session at Karachiopposed Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

Therefore last statement is the answer.

With reference to the entry of European powers into India, The Portuguese captured Goa in 1499, this statement is incorrect.

The East India Company (also the East India Trading Company, English East India Company, and then the British East India Company) was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China. The oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies, the Company was granted an English Royal Charter, under the name Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies, by Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600. After a rival English company challenged its monopoly in the late 17th century, the two companies were merged in 1708 to form the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, commonly styled the Honourable East India Company,[5] and abbreviated, HEIC; the Company was colloquially referred to as John Company, and in India as Company Bahadur.

India among the following countries has the lowest GDP per capita.

The economy of India is the twelfth largest in the world by market exchange rates and the fourth largest in the world by GDP, measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. The country was under socialist-based policies for an entire generation from the 1950s until the 1980s. The economy was characterised by extensive regulation, protectionism, and public ownership, leading to pervasive corruption and slow growth. Since 1991, continuing economic liberalisation has moved the economy towards a market-based system.

Under which Article 123 of the Indian constitution did the President give his assent to the ordinance on electoral reforms when it was sent back to him by the Union Cabinet without making any changes in the year 2002

Article 123 of the Constitution, which confers upon the President legislative powers to promulgate ordinances, is meant to address extraordinary circumstances that arise when Parliament is in recess. Its use is predicated upon the trust that Parliament vests in the Council of Ministers.


Article 123 states the Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.

(1) If at any time, except when both Houses of Parliament are in session, the President is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such Ordinance as the circumstances appear to him to require
(2) An Ordinance promulgated under this article shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament, but every such Ordinance
(a) shall be laid before both House of Parliament and shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassemble of Parliament, or, if before the expiration of that period resolutions disapproving it are passed by both Houses, upon the passing of the second of those resolutions; and
(b) may be withdrawn at any time by the President Explanation Where the Houses of Parliament are summoned to reassemble on different dates, the period of six weeks shall be reckoned from the later of those dates for the purposes of this clause

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the  leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha 1928.

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. Its success gave rise to Vallabhbhai Patel as one of the greatest leaders of the independence struggle.

Under the leadership of Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928, the Bardoli Kisan Satyagraha proved to be the best example of the practice of Gandhian principle of non-violence as well as a milestone of the way of India’s freedom movement.

The Ninth Schedule to the Indian Constitution was added by the First Amendment

The Ninth Schedule, which finds itself under debate after the Supreme Court judgment on January 11, 2007, was added to the Constitution in 1951, primarily to deal with a situation in which the Supreme Court struck down land reform laws.

In order to remove all such land reform laws from being struck down on the ground that compensation was inadequate or on any other ground, Parliament amended the Constitution to create the Ninth Schedule.

Article 31B of the Constitution stated that any law in the Ninth Schedule could not be challenged in the courts. The perception quite clearly then was that the judiciary was the last bastion of vested interests and hence the role of the judiciary in striking down such laws had to be taken away.

This was a progressive measure and a look at the Acts inserted in the Ninth Schedule over the years shows that all land reform laws were put in the Ninth Schedule making them beyond challenge of the Supreme Court.

MTNL is listed on NYSE is the correct answer.

All the other statements are true like
BSNL is the first telecom service organization in India to launch a nationwide cellular service at one time:-

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), one of the leading telecom player, has launched 3G Mobile Services today on commercial basis simultaneously from 11 cities, namely, Agra, Ambala, Jalandhar, Jaipur, Dehradoon, Shimla, Lucknow, Ranchi, Durgapur, Haldia, Patna & soft launch in Jammu.  BSNL also announced tariff plans for 3G mobile services under pre-paid and post-paid voice, video and data plans.  The voice call will be available for as low as 10 paisa per minute under full value 1000 plan and local SMS is also as low as 10 paisa per SMS under Super 1,350 plan.  Video calls starting with Re.1/- under unlimited 2,500 plan and Rs.2/- for STD video calls.

Assimilation iis the process whereby persons and groups acquire the culture of other group in which they come to live, by adopting its attitudes and values its pattern of thinking and behaving.

Cultural assimilation is when an individual or individuals adopts some or all aspects of a dominant culture (such as its religion, language, norms, values etc.). Cultural assimilation is a process of socialization. It can be a voluntary process, but can also sometimes be the result of involuntary political decisions.

A group (a state or an ethnicity) can spontaneously adopt a different culture due to its political relevance, or to its perceived superiority. The first is the case of the Latin culture and language, that were gradually adopted by most of the subjugated people.

The second is the case of subjugated, but older and richer culture, which see itself imitated by the new masters, e.g. the victorious Roman Republic adopted more from the Hellenistic cultures than it imposed in most domains, except such Roman specialities as law and the military.

Collection bargaining among these will not be included as a type of fight.

Collective bargaining is the process whereby workers organize together to meet, converse, and compromise upon the work environment with their employers. It is the practice in which union and company representatives meet to negotiate a new labor contract

A young adult of 30 years learning a new role of a parent is an example of Adult Socialization.

Socialization is, of course, a social process. As such, it involves interactions between people. Socialization, as noted in the distinction between primary and secondary, can take place in multiple contexts and as a result of contact with numerous groups. Some of the more significant contributors to the socialization process are: parents, friends, schools, siblings, and co-workers. Each of these groups include a culture that must be learned and to some degree appropriated by the socializee in order to gain admittance to the group.

The child and adolescent may be more easily malleable than the adult. Also, much adult socialization is self-initiated and voluntary; adults can leave or terminate the process at any time.

There is more conformity and togetherness among ants than among men this is due to heredity.

In social psychology 'a significant other' is the parent, uncle, grandparent, or teacher - the person that guides and takes care of a child during primary socialization. The significant other protects, rewards and punishes the child as a way of aiding the child's development. This usually takes about six or seven years, and after that the significant other is no longer needed, the child moves on to a general other which is not a real person, but an abstract notion of what society deems good or bad.

So option (c) is the correct option here.

 " Self and society are twin-born, we know one as immediately as we know the other and the notion of a separate and independent ego is an illusion, " these words are said by C.H Cooley.

He was the U.S. sociologist who followed a socio-psychological approach to the understanding of society.

He was of the view that social self is simply any idea, or system of ideas, drawn from the communicative life, that the mind cherishes as its own. Self-feeling has its chief scope within the general life, not outside of it; the special endeavor or tendency of which it is the emotional aspect finds its principal field of exercise in a world of personal forces, reflected in the mind by a world of personal impressions.

As connected with the thought of other persons the self idea is always a consciousness of the peculiar or differentiated aspect of one's life, because that is the aspect that has to be sustained by purpose and endeavor, and its more aggressive forms tend to attach themselves to whatever one finds to be at once congenial to one's own tendencies and at variance with those of others with whom one is in mental contact. It is here that they are most needed to serve their function of stimulating characteristic activity, of fostering those personal variations which the general plan of life seems to require.

When Lord Buddha renounced his crown, he showed deviant behaviour. It was due to Personal Factors.

A person would be considered to be acting deviantly in society if they are violating what the significant social norm in that particular culture is. What causes humans to act certain ways is a disputed topic among researchers for some time now.