Pls explain these terms related to culture:

1) Cultural area

2) Marginal area

3) Cultural Focus

4)Cultural Reproduction

5) Cultural Drift

Cultural Area:
Clark Wissler defined the restricted area of a culture as culture-area. He demonstrated that in a cultural area - comprising a set of culture complexes-a central point of disposal could be identified.


Marginal Area:
the people who live on the borders of two cultural areas share features from both the ways of living. These have been called marginal areas.


Cultural Focus:
This term was coined by M.J. Herskovits to refer to "the tendency of every culture  to exhibit greater complexity, greater variation in the institutions of some of its aspect than the other. So stocking is this tendency to develop certain phases of life. While other remains in the background, so to speak, that is the shorthand of the disciplines that study human societies, these focal aspects are used to characterize whole cultures."

The hypothesis of cultural focus refers the dynamics of culture to the only instruments through which change in culture can be achieved-- the individuals who compose a society where a way of life is undergoing change.


Cultural Reproduction:
The term was introduced by P.Bourdieu, who see the function of education system as being to reproduce the culture of dominant classes, thus helping to ensure their continued   dominance.



Cultural Drift:
Unplanned cultural change resulting from a series of small changes within a culture in the same direction. These changes are cumulative and in time lead to the emergence of new cultural forms.